Indiana Territory

Territory of Indiana
Organized incorporated territory of the United States
Flag
Capital	Vincennes (1800–1813) Corydon (1813–1816)
Population
• 1800	2,632
• 1810	24,520
• 1816	63,897
Government
• Type	Organized incorporated territory
Governor
• 1800–1812	William Henry Harrison
• 1812–1813	John Gibson (acting)
• 1813–1816	Thomas Posey
Secretary
• 1800–1816	John Gibson
History
• Indiana Organic Act passed	May 7, 1800
• Indiana Organic Act coming into force	July 4, 1800
• Treaty of Grouseland signed	March 1805
• Michigan Territory created	June 30, 1805
• Representation in Congress	December 12, 1805
• Illinois Territory created  - Treaty of Fort Wayne  - Legislature popularly elected  - Tecumseh's War  - War of 1812  - Constitution drafted & adopted	March 1, 1809 September 30, 1809 November 1809 1811–1812 1812–1814 June 1816
• Granted Statehood	December 11, 1816
Preceded by Succeeded by Northwest Territory Indiana Michigan Territory Illinois Territory

The Indiana Territory, officially the Territory of Indiana, was created by an organic act that President John Adams signed into law on May 7, 1800,^[1] to form an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1800, to December 11, 1816, when the remaining southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Indiana.^[2] The territory originally contained approximately 259,824 square miles (672,940 km²) of land, but its size was decreased when it was subdivided to create the Michigan Territory (1805) and the Illinois Territory (1809). The Indiana Territory was the first new territory created from lands of the Northwest Territory, which had been organized under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The territorial capital was the settlement around the old French fort of Vincennes on the Wabash River, until transferred to Corydon near the Ohio River in 1813.

William Henry Harrison, the territory's first governor, oversaw treaty negotiations with the Native inhabitants that ceded tribal lands to the U.S. government, opening large parts of the territory to further settlement. In 1809 the U.S. Congress established a bicameral legislative body for the territory that included a popularly-elected House of Representatives and a Legislative Council. In addition, the territorial government began planning for a basic transportation network and education system, but efforts to attain statehood for the territory were delayed due to war. At the outbreak of Tecumseh's War, when the territory was on the front line of battle, Harrison led a military force in the opening hostilities at the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) and in the subsequent invasion of Canada during the War of 1812. After Harrison resigned as the territorial governor, Thomas Posey was appointed to the vacant governorship, but the opposition party, led by Congressman Jonathan Jennings, dominated territorial affairs in its final years and began pressing for statehood.

In June 1816 a constitutional convention was held at Corydon, where a state constitution was adopted on June 29, 1816. General elections were held in August to fill offices for the new state government, the new officeholders were sworn into office in November, and the territory was dissolved. On December 11, 1816, President James Madison signed the congressional act that formally admitted Indiana to the Union as the nineteenth state.